« S’attacher pour bien grandir » : résultats préliminaires d’un groupe thérapeutique de guidance parentale et de mise en situation centré sur l’attachement

BackgroundPreventive and therapeutic settings are very common in perinatal and early childhood mental health services. However, their theoretical basis, their methods and their efficacy are rarely described.AimsIn this paper, we present and describe the first feedback from parents about a new group therapeutic setting model that relies on parental guidance and practical experiences designed to prevent and to treat attachment-related parent–infant/child problematic issues.MethodThe group is designed to enhance the quality of parent-child attachment by promoting parents’ awareness of the nature and the importance of attachment bonds for child development and parent–child relationship, and by bringing parents and child to experience new interactions that promote child attachment security. The group is led by two psychologists, a pediatric nurse and a childcare assistant. It is designed to receive up to five families referred by a child psychiatrist after a consultation. Children are aged 1 to 3 years old. Parents and children are received for an assessment interview prior and after they complete their participation to the group, including measures of parental stress (PSI-SF), infant relational withdrawal (ADBB), parent-child relationship (PIRGAS), and child social and emotional competences and problems (BITSEA). Families attend six thematic sessions each of which addresses one of the main attachment pillars: sensitivity, reciprocity, engagement, proximity, emotional regulation and support network. Contents are delivered via slides, video clips, group discussions, practical situations and home tasks. Both parents are encouraged to participate. The feedback from the first families (n = 17) who attended the group are presented.ResultsPreliminary results on the first families who participated in this group show that all of them were satisfied about the group contents and setting. Most parents reported they have acquired new insights on their child's attachment needs and behaviors, felt more comfortable with regulating their own and their child's emotional needs and expression, and became more able to manage problematic behaviors, separation and conflict situations. Slides, video clips and experiencing practical situations and home tasks were also greatly appreciated.PerspectivesThe preliminary positive feedback from the parents supports the relevance of this new intervention model targeted on attachment issues. The group setting, the concrete materials and the active participation of parents and children promote the awareness of attachment needs and the experience of new and safer parent–child interactions.     

Consensus summary report for CEPI/BC March 12–13, 2020 meeting: Assessment of risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines

A novel coronavirus (CoV), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China and has since spread as a global pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are thus urgently needed to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and ease the major economic impact. There has been an unprecedented rapid response by vaccine developers with now over one hundred vaccine candidates in development and at least six having reached clinical trials. However, a major challenge during rapid development is to avoid safety issues both by thoughtful vaccine design and by thorough evaluation in a timely manner. A syndrome of “disease enhancement” has been reported in the past for a few viral vaccines where those immunized suffered increased severity or death when they later encountered the virus or were found to have an increased frequency of infection. Animal models allowed scientists to determine the underlying mechanism for the former in the case of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine and have been utilized to design and screen new RSV vaccine candidates. Because some Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS-CoV-1 vaccines have shown evidence of disease enhancement in some animal models, this is a particular concern for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. To address this challenge, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the Brighton Collaboration (BC) Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines (SPEAC) convened a scientific working meeting on March 12 and 13, 2020 of experts in the field of vaccine immunology and coronaviruses to consider what vaccine designs could reduce safety concerns and how animal models and immunological assessments in early clinical trials can help to assess the risk. This report summarizes the evidence presented and provides considerations for safety assessment of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in accelerated vaccine development.     

Successful treatment of Aspergillus empyema using combined intrathoracic and intravenous administration of voriconazole: A case report

Aspergillus empyema is treated with either systemic administration of antifungal drugs or surgery, but the mortality rate is very high. Here, we report a case of Aspergillus empyema successfully treated using combined intrathoracic and intravenous administration of voriconazole (VRCZ). Treatment success was achieved by monitoring VRCZ plasma trough concentration. The patient was a 71-year-old Japanese woman diagnosed with Aspergillus empyema whom we started on intravenous administration of VRCZ. Although penetration of VRCZ into the pleural effusion was confirmed, the level was below 1 μg/mL, which is the minimum inhibitory concentration for Aspergillus fumigatus determined by antifungal susceptibility testing in pleural effusion culture. Therefore, we initiated combination therapy with intrathoracic and intravenous administration of VRCZ. VRCZ 200 mg was first dissolved in 50–100 mL of saline and administered into the thoracic cavity via a chest tube. The chest tube was clamped for 5–6 h, and then VRCZ solution was excreted though the chest tube. When a single dose of the VRCZ was administered into the intrathoracic space, the plasma concentration before intravenous administration increased from 1.45 μg/mL on day 27 to 1.53 μg/mL on day 28. Although intravenous administration was continued, the VRCZ plasma trough concentration decreased to 1.36 μg/mL on day 29. We therefore decided on an intrathoracic administration schedule of 2–3 times a week. Intrathoracic administration was performed 14 times in total until fenestration surgery on day 64. Our case suggests that combined intrathoracic and intravenous administration of VRCZ may be a valid treatment option for Aspergillus empyema.     

补气养阴降糖饮联合二甲双胍治疗老年2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的:观察补气养阴降糖饮加减联合二甲双胍治疗老年2型糖尿病(气阴两虚证)的效果。方法:选取2018年4月至2019年10月北京市和平里医院收治的老年2型糖尿病(气阴两虚证)患者84例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组42例。2组均予以基础治疗,对照组予以二甲双胍口服,观察组予以补气养阴降糖饮加减联合二甲双胍治疗。比较2组治疗前后主症、次症及总评分、糖代谢水平、临床疗效、胰岛素抵抗指数水平及不良反应。结果:治疗后2组主症、次症及总评分,糖代谢水平、胰岛素抵抗指数水平均下降,且观察组较对照组降低的更为明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且不良反应均轻微。结论:对老年2型糖尿病气阴两虚证予以补气养阴降糖饮加减联合二甲双胍可有效控制症状,改善糖代谢,增强临床疗效,减轻胰岛素抵抗,且安全。     

Durability of humoral immune responses to rubella following MMR vaccination

BackgroundWhile administration of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR-II®) vaccine has been effective at preventing rubella infection in the United States, the durability of humoral immunity to the rubella component of MMR vaccine has not been widely studied among older adolescents and adults.MethodsIn this longitudinal study, we sought to assess the durability of rubella virus (RV)-specific humoral immunity in a healthy population (n = 98) of adolescents and young adults at two timepoints: ~7 and ~17 years after two doses of MMR-II® vaccination. Levels of circulating antibodies specific to RV were measured by ELISA and an immune-colorimetric neutralization assay. RV-specific memory B cell responses were also measured by ELISpot.ResultsRubella-specific IgG antibody titers, neutralizing antibody titers, and memory B cell responses declined with increasing time since vaccination; however, these decreases were relatively moderate. Memory B cell responses exhibited a greater decline in men compared to women.ConclusionsCollectively, rubella-specific humoral immunity declines following vaccination, although subjects’ antibody titers remain well above the currently recognized threshold for protective immunity. Clinical correlates of protection based on neutralizing antibody titer and memory B cell ELISpot response should be defined.     

丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷用于脑梗死恢复期的临床观察

目的：探析脑梗死恢复期患者采取丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷口服进行治疗对改善神经功能的效果。方法：选取2017年5月至2019年11月马鞍山十七冶医院收治的脑梗死恢复期患者66例作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组与观察组，每组33例。对照组采取氢氯吡格雷口服治疗，观察组采取丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷口服治疗，比较2组患者治疗有效率、神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）、日常生活能力评分（ADL）、运动功能、不良反应发生率、洼田饮水试验等指标。结果：与对照组比较，观察组治疗有效率明显较高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与对照组比较，观察组的NIHSS评分较低，ADL评分较高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组的不良反应发生率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组用药后洼田饮水试验分级比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：脑梗死恢复期患者采取丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷口服进行治疗能够提升治疗效果、改善神经功能，安全性高，可加快患者康复速度。     

治疗性腹腔镜胃癌腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术的操作技巧及临床意义

目的探讨治疗性腹腔镜胃癌腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年12月就诊广东省中医院胃肠外科实施治疗性腹腔镜胃癌腹主动脉旁淋巴结术的6例病人基线资料、术中及术后短期结果。结果6例病人术前经影像学评估均存在第16组淋巴结转移,无其他远处转移,经转化治疗后,均达到部分缓解并顺利完成腹腔镜胃癌D2根治并腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术,术中1例因合并胰腺侵犯而联合行胰体尾+脾切除术,无中转开腹、腹腔出血、脏器损伤等并发症发生;中位手术时长482.5(445,510)min;中位淋巴结清扫总数、腹主动脉旁淋巴结(para-aortic lymph nodes,PALN)清扫总数及PALN阳性数目分别为50(16,80)枚、18(3,31)枚、3.5(0,15)枚,其中5例PALN病理阳性,1例阴性;术后1例出现胰瘘,1例胸腔积液,1例腹泻,Clavien-Dindo分级均为2级,经对症治疗后均好转出院;术后中位住院时间17(6,30)天,术后30天内无二次手术及死亡发生;中位随访时间13.25(10~18)月,3例病人因肿瘤复发死亡,术后存活时间10~18月,余3例均未见肿瘤复发转移。结论治疗性腹腔镜腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术在技术上是可行的,对于胃癌合并PALN转移的患者。     

Humoral and cellular immune response induced by rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine among frontline workers during the 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola outbreak in Guinea

BackgroundAs part of a Phase III trial with the Ebola vaccine rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP in Guinea, we invited frontline workers (FLWs) to participate in a sub-study to provide additional information on the immunogenicity of the vaccine.MethodsWe conducted an open‐label, non‐randomized, single-arm immunogenicity evaluation of one dose of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP among healthy FLWs in Guinea. FLWs who refused vaccination were offered to participate as a control group. We followed participants for 84 days with a subset followed-up for 180 days. The primary endpoint was immune response, as measured by ELISA for ZEBOV-glycoprotein–specific antibodies (ELISA-GP) at 28 days. We also conducted neutralization, whole virion ELISA and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for cellular response.ResultsA total of 1172 participants received one dose of vaccine and were followed-up for 84 days, among them 114 participants were followed-up for 180 days. Additionally, 99 participants were included in the control group and followed up for 180 days. Overall, 86.4% (95% CI 84.1–88.4) of vaccinated participants seroresponded at 28 days post-vaccination (ELISA- GP) with 65% of these seroresponding at 14 days post-vaccination. Among those who seroresponded at 28 days, 90.7% (95% CI 82.0–95.4) were still seropositive at 180 days. The proportion of seropositivity in the unvaccinated group was 0.0% (95% CI 0.0–3.8) at 28 days and 5.4% (95% CI 2.1–13.1) at 180 days post-vaccination. We found weak correlation between ELISA-GP and neutralization at baseline but significant pairwise correlation at 28 days post-vaccination. Among samples analysed for cellular response, only 1 (2.2%) exhibited responses towards the Zaire Ebola glycoprotein (Ebola GP ≥ 10) at baseline, 10 (13.5%) at day 28 post-vaccination and 27 (48.2%) at Day 180.ConclusionsWe found one dose of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP to be highly immunogenic at 28- and 180-days post vaccination among frontline workers in Guinea. We also found a cellular response that increased with time.